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Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 168-173 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0323-9

Abstract: In the present study, chemical mapping on the hydration process of cement paste with water-to-cementIt is concluded from the study that chemical mapping was an effective method to assist in visualizing

Keywords： chemical mapping     Raman spectroscopy     calcium silicates     calcium hydroxide     ettringite    

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Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2010, Volume 5, Issue 2,   Pages 130-142 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0011-3

Abstract: four measures are adopted. 1) Topology optimization model is established by independent continuous mapping

Keywords： independent continuous mapping (ICM) method     global stresses constraints     topology optimization     continuum    

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A survey of photon mapping state-of-the-art research and future challenges

Chun-meng KANG,Lu WAN,Yan-ning XU,Xiang-xu MENG

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 185-199 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500251

Abstract: The photon mapping algorithm is an effective method for computing global illumination with its obviousThe deficiency of precise details and efficient rendering are still the main challenges of photon mappingof categories including radiance estimation, photon relaxation, photon tracing, progressive photon mappingThe goals of our report are giving readers an overall introduction to photon mapping and motivating further

Keywords： Global illumination     Photon mapping     Radiance estimation     Photon relaxation     Progressive photon mapping    

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and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1507-2

Abstract:

• The overall global perspective of the PHMCS field was obtained.

Keywords： Heavy metal-contaminated soil     Hot topics     Knowledge mapping analysis     Knowledge base     Phytoremediation    

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A computational toolbox for molecular property prediction based on quantum mechanics and quantitativestructure-property relationship

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 2,   Pages 152-167 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2060-z

Abstract: During these periods, one of the most important keys is the molecular property prediction models associatingIn this paper, a framework combining quantum mechanics and quantitative structure-property relationshipis established for fast molecular property predictions, such as activity coefficient, and so forth.which are stored in a database and further provided for the developments of quantitative structure-propertyThe whole framework has been carried out within a molecular property prediction toolbox.

Keywords： molecular property     quantum mechanics     quantitative structure-property relationship     heat of reaction    

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Convective heat transfer in helical coils for constant-property and variable-property flows with high

Yufei MAO, Liejin GUO, Bofeng BAI, Ximin ZHANG

Frontiers in Energy 2010, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 546-552 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0116-8

Abstract: Both constant-property flows at normal pressure and variable-property flows at supercritical pressure

Keywords： convective heat transfer     helical coils     high Reynolds number     supercritical pressure     variable property    

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Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns

Hiruy ABDU, David A. ROBINSON, Janis BOETTINGER, Scott B. JONES

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 135-145 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017143

Abstract: Our objective was to employ electromagnetic induction (EMI) mapping in low apparent electrical conductivity

Keywords： soil electrical conductivity     soil texture mapping     temporal stability analysis    

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A review on the application of nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 8,   Pages 1165-1197 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2120-4

Abstract: Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been widely used to recover residual oil after the primary or secondary oil recovery processes. Compared to conventional methods, chemical EOR has demonstrated high oil recovery and low operational costs. Nanofluids have received extensive attention owing to their advantages of low cost, high oil recovery, and wide applicability. In recent years, nanofluids have been widely used in EOR processes. Moreover, several studies have focused on the role of nanofluids in the nanofluid EOR (N-EOR) process. However, the mechanisms related to N-EOR are unclear, and several of the mechanisms established are chaotic and contradictory. This review was conducted by considering heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics; nanofluid-assisted EOR methods; multiscale, multiphase pore/core displacement experiments; and multiphase flow fluid-solid coupling simulations. Nanofluids can alter the wettability of minerals (particle/surface micromechanics), oil/water interfacial tension (heavy oil molecules/water micromechanics), and structural disjoining pressure (heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics). They can also cause viscosity reduction (micromechanics of heavy oil molecules). Nanofoam technology, nanoemulsion technology, and injected fluids were used during the EOR process. The mechanism of N-EOR is based on the nanoparticle adsorption effect. Nanoparticles can be adsorbed on mineral surfaces and alter the wettability of minerals from oil-wet to water-wet conditions. Nanoparticles can also be adsorbed on the oil/water surface, which alters the oil/water interfacial tension, resulting in the formation of emulsions. Asphaltenes are also adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles, which reduces the asphaltene content in heavy oil, resulting in a decrease in the viscosity of oil, which helps in oil recovery. In previous studies, most researchers only focused on the results, and the nanoparticle adsorption properties have been ignored. This review presents the relationship between the adsorption properties of nanoparticles and the N-EOR mechanisms. The nanofluid behaviour during a multiphase core displacement process is also discussed, and the corresponding simulation is analysed. Finally, potential mechanisms and future directions of N-EOR are proposed. The findings of this study can further the understanding of N-EOR mechanisms from the perspective of heavy oil molecules/particle/surface micromechanics, as well as clarify the role of nanofluids in multiphase core displacement experiments and simulations. This review also presents limitations and bottlenecks, guiding researchers to develop methods to synthesise novel nanoparticles and conduct further research.

Keywords： nanofluid     EOR mechanism     nanoparticle adsorption     interface property     internal property    

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Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 115-124 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0348-8

Abstract: Understanding the spatial variability of household carbon emissions is necessary for formulating sustainable and low-carbon energy policy. However, data on household carbon emissions is limited in China, the world’s largest greenhouse gases emitter. This study quantifies and maps household carbon emissions in Shanghai using a city-wide household survey. The findings reveal substantial spatial variability in household carbon emissions, especially in transport-related emissions. Low emission clusters are founded in Hongkou, Xuhui, Luwan, Jinshan, and Fengxian. High emission clusters are located in Jiading and Pudong. Overall, the spatial pattern of household carbon emissions in Shanghai is donut-shaped: lowest in the urban core, increasing in the surrounding suburban areas, and declining again in the urban fringe and rural regions. The household emissions are correlated with a number of housing and socioeconomic factors, including car ownership, type of dwelling, size of dwelling, age of dwelling, and income. The findings underscore the importance of a localized approach to low-carbon policy-making and implementation.

Keywords： household carbon emissions     spatial variability     energy policy     Shanghai     China    

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Mapping the structure-activity relationship of

Worawan PANPIPAT, Hasene KESKIN, Zheng GUO

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 105-113 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1502-x

Abstract: The phase behavior of twelve synthesized -sitosteryl fatty acid esters with acyl moieties with different chain lengths (C2:0-C18:0) and different degrees of unsaturation (C18:1-C18:3) were investigated in pure and mixed Langmuir monolayers with phospholipids. The surface-pressure isotherms showed that short chain -sitosteryl fatty acid esters gave smaller mean molecular areas and had decreased monolayer stability and the long chain steryl esters did not produce collapsed plateaus. All the steryl esters displayed strong condensing effects, but there was a pronounced structural dependency: medium chain esters (C8 and C10) were less efficient than short and long chain esters. Atomic force microscopy imaging demonstrated that monolayers mixed with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) displayed both DPPC-rich and steryl lipid-rich domains. However, the height and area differences between the two phases and the roughness and morphologic patterns were very dependent on the steryl lipid concentrations as well as the length, the degree of unsaturation and the molecular conformations of the acyl segments. These findings not only provide a better understanding of the interactions between phytosteryl hydrophobic derivatives and biomembranes, but also may be of general use for the design and engineering of phytosterol structural derivations for specific food and pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords： β-sitosteryl fatty acid esters     dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine     Langmuir monolayer     condensing effect     structure-activity relationship    

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Experimental study on compaction-induced anisotropic mechanical property of rockfill material

Xiangtao ZHANG, Yizhao GAO, Yuan WANG, Yu-zhen YU, Xun SUN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 1,   Pages 109-123 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0693-0

Abstract: The anisotropy of rockfill materials has a significant influence on the performance of engineering structures. However, relevant research data are very limited, because of the difficulty with preparing specimens with different inclination angles using traditional methods. Furthermore, the anisotropy test of rockfill materials is complex and complicated, especially for triaxial tests, in which the major principal stress plane intersects with the compaction plane at different angles. In this study, the geometric characteristics of a typical particle fraction consisting of a specific rockfill material were statistically investigated, and the distribution characteristics of particle orientation in specimens prepared via different compaction methods were examined. For high-density rockfill materials, a set of specimen preparation devices for inclined compaction planes was developed, and a series of conventional triaxial compression tests with different principal stress direction angles were conducted. The results reveal that the principal stress direction angle has a significant effect on the modulus, shear strength, and dilatancy of the compacted rockfill materials. Analysis of the relationship between the principal stress direction angles, change in the stress state, and change in the corresponding dominant shear plane shows that the angle between the compacted surface and dominant shear plane is closely related to interlocking resistance associated with the particle orientation. In addition, different principal stress direction angles can change the extent of the particle interlocking effect, causing the specimen to exhibit different degrees of anisotropy.

Keywords： rockfill     inclination of specimen preparation     anisotropy     mechanical property     mechanism    

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Experimental research on the mechanical property of prestressing steel wire during and after heating

ZHENG Wenzhong, HU Qiong, ZHANG Haoyu

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 247-254 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0031-1

Abstract: The mechanical property of prestressing steel wire during and after heating is the key factor in the, the shapes of stress-strain curves of steel wire at high temperature go smooth and the mechanical propertyAccording to the experiment after heating, the mechanical property of steel wire varies little when thelower than 300vH; while the stress-strain curves of steel wire become more ductile and the mechanical propertyThe law of mechanical property indexes of the wire is presented.
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Evaluation and Recombination of Property Right Configuration for Urban Water Supply System

Xiao Wen,Ouyang Fangrui,Wang Xianjia

Strategic Study of CAE 2004, Volume 6, Issue 7,   Pages 48-52

Abstract:

In this paper, two basic models of recombination of property right configuration for urban water supplyThe evaluation index and methodology of property right configuration for urban water supply system areThe characteristics of the two property right configuration models and actions of different benefit bodiesThe strong points and shortcomings of the two property right models are analyzed.

Keywords： urban water supply system     property right configuration     recombination of property right     evaluation ofproperty right model    

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Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

Frontiers in Energy   Pages 822-832 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0900-x

Abstract: Advancing portable electronics and electric vehicles is heavily dependent on the cutting-edge lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery technology, which is closely linked to the properties of cathode materials. Identifying trends and prospects of cathode materials based on patent analysis is considered a kernel to optimize and refine battery related markets. In this paper, a patent analysis is performed on 6 popular cathode materials by comprehensively considering performance comparison, development trend, annual installed capacity, technology life cycle, and distribution among regions and patent assignees. In the technology life cycle, the cathode materials majorly used in electric vehicle have entered maturity stage, while the lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathode that is widely used in portable electronics is still in the growth stage. In global patent distributions, China holds more than 50% of total patents. In the top 10 patent assignees of 6 cathode materials, 2 institutes are from China with the rest being Japan (6) and Republic of Korea (2), indicating that the technology of cathode materials in China is relatively scattered while cathode research is highly concentrated in Japan and Republic of Korea. Moreover, the patent distribution has to consider practical issues as well as the impacts of core patents. For example, the high cost discourages the intention of applying international patents. This paper is expected to stimulate battery research, understand technical layout of various countries, and probably forecast innovative technology breakthroughs.

Keywords： patent analysis     cathode     batteries     technology life cycle    

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novel strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 3,   Pages 288-297 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2222-7

Abstract: application of silica aerogels is an enormous challenge due to the difficulties in improving both mechanical propertyIn this work, silk fibroin was used as scaffold to improve the mechanical property and thermal insulationwas well-dispersed in the silk fibroin aerogel and composite aerogels exhibited enhanced mechanical propertynovel approach to preparing silk fibroin–SiO2 composite aerogels with enhanced mechanical property

Keywords： silica aerogel     silk fibroin     impregnation     thermal insulation     mechanical property    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Chemical mapping of cement pastes by using confocal Raman spectroscopy

Fengjuan LIU,Zhihui SUN

Journal Article

Independent continuous and mapping method of structural topology optimization based on the global stress

Yunkang SUI, Jili FENG, Hongling YE, Xirong PENG,

Journal Article

A survey of photon mapping state-of-the-art research and future challenges

Chun-meng KANG,Lu WAN,Yan-ning XU,Xiang-xu MENG

Journal Article

and future research directions for the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil: A knowledge mapping

Journal Article

A computational toolbox for molecular property prediction based on quantum mechanics and quantitativestructure-property relationship

Journal Article

Convective heat transfer in helical coils for constant-property and variable-property flows with high

Yufei MAO, Liejin GUO, Bofeng BAI, Ximin ZHANG

Journal Article

Electromagnetic induction mapping at varied soil moisture reveals field-scale soil textural patterns

Hiruy ABDU, David A. ROBINSON, Janis BOETTINGER, Scott B. JONES

Journal Article

A review on the application of nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery

Journal Article

Quantifying and mapping spatial variability of Shanghai household carbon footprints

Shangguang YANG,Chunlan WANG,Kevin LO,Mark WANG,Lin LIU

Journal Article

Mapping the structure-activity relationship of

Worawan PANPIPAT, Hasene KESKIN, Zheng GUO

Journal Article

Experimental study on compaction-induced anisotropic mechanical property of rockfill material

Xiangtao ZHANG, Yizhao GAO, Yuan WANG, Yu-zhen YU, Xun SUN

Journal Article

Experimental research on the mechanical property of prestressing steel wire during and after heating

ZHENG Wenzhong, HU Qiong, ZHANG Haoyu

Journal Article

Evaluation and Recombination of Property Right Configuration for Urban Water Supply System

Xiao Wen,Ouyang Fangrui,Wang Xianjia

Journal Article

Mapping the trends and prospects of battery cathode materials based on patent landscape

Journal Article

novel strategy for the construction of silk fibroin–SiO composite aerogel with enhanced mechanical property

Journal Article